seyed komail tayebi; Karim Azarbaijani; Yaser Abbaslou
Volume 13, Issue 39 , July 2009, , Pages 11-27
Abstract
There has been relatively little empirical analysis of the role played by cultural-social-economic policies to promote entrepreneurship. Governments, for instance, conduct different entrepreneurship promotion policies. Financial assistance and easing of bureaucratic rules are provided to improve the ...
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There has been relatively little empirical analysis of the role played by cultural-social-economic policies to promote entrepreneurship. Governments, for instance, conduct different entrepreneurship promotion policies. Financial assistance and easing of bureaucratic rules are provided to improve the entrepreneurship process in a country. Entrepreneurs benefit from education and skills, which are planned and subsidized by governments to provide an appropriate environment for business. So, it seems government policies on education promotion and human development, for instance, are important factors affecting entrepreneurship. Additionally, growth in total investment and savings expand economic capacity for further activities by entrepreneurs. The objective of this paper is to explore a causal relationship between entrepreneurship and its main determinants through regression analysis. We employ data on education, human development, property rights, the rule of law and some economic variables in 123 selected countries over the period 2000-2005 to estimate the entrepreneurship regression model by the panel data approach. The implication is that education, economic growth and optimal government policies can encourage entrepreneurship.
Karim Azarbaijani; Golara Ezadi
Volume 8, Issue 26 , April 2006, , Pages 81-99
Abstract
The Purpose of this study is reviewing the Intra Industry Trade between Iran and China by using Trade Type Approach. To avoid the geographic and sectoral bias, we consider the bilateral Trade and we concentrate on quality and commodity differentiation. Our findings show that the share of Intra Industry ...
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The Purpose of this study is reviewing the Intra Industry Trade between Iran and China by using Trade Type Approach. To avoid the geographic and sectoral bias, we consider the bilateral Trade and we concentrate on quality and commodity differentiation. Our findings show that the share of Intra Industry Trade between Iran and China is very low. In fact, a large part of our trade belongs to vertical (and horizental) Intra Industry Trade. This means that we have a low competetive power in final products, whereas we have a high competetive power in raw materials, and low quality products. Our investigations indicate that Iran’s situation can be improved by ameliorating the quality of exproted products. This study shows that a high unemployment rates belongs to sectors in which the Intra Industry Trade is weak. Thus, one of our main finding requires changes in free trade strategy, so that by increasing the quality of Iranian products, Iran could have a significant share in Intra Industry Trade with China and a progress in industrial employment.
Karim Azarbaijani; Seyed Komail Tayyebi; Asghar Hagh Shenas
Volume 7, Issue 24 , October 2005, , Pages 145-169
Abstract
The importance of intra-industry trade (IIT) is in the conjunction with its role in exploring trade potentials in all countries, and interpreting the trade relations among themselves. This paper strikes to calculate the extent of Iran’s IIT using Gruble and Lloyd index (G-L) during 1998-2002, while ...
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The importance of intra-industry trade (IIT) is in the conjunction with its role in exploring trade potentials in all countries, and interpreting the trade relations among themselves. This paper strikes to calculate the extent of Iran’s IIT using Gruble and Lloyd index (G-L) during 1998-2002, while a relevant test indicates that there is no significant difference between G-L method and other IIT measurements for the results obtained. This study has focused on analyzing two different commodity groups. First, IIT index has been measured at the 5-digit level of the ISIC, so that the computed IIT on average for 1998 and 2002 are 17.14 and 27.82 percent, respectively. Second, the IIT at the 6- digit level of the HS[1] for these years are calculated as about 9.28 and 14.2 percent, respectively. The latter is much different from the former calculation in which its ratio is higher than that of the later classification even though both results have a similar direction in changes. Additionally, the paper has calculated the regional IIT index to evaluate the position of Iran’s trade partners in the selected trading blocks. The results reveal that Iran’s IIT has the most similarity and convergence with the OIC[2] implying the realization of the Islamic Common Market (ICM). 1. Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) 2. Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC)
